BRIEF INTRODUCTION:
AMRI REMAINS
Brief History:
Near the small village of amri in dadu district on
the western bank of Indus river and between laki
hill rangesand the Indus river lie buried the
remains of a pre-historic settlement which
flourished in the Indus valley in the middle of the
third millennium B.C
It was first discovered by Majumdar in 1929. The
French Archaeological Mission, headed by Jen Casal
with the active help of Department of Archaeology
under took excavation from 1959 to 1962.
Of the three ancient mounds at Amri, the largest
Mound “A” is forty four feet high from plain level.
Mound “B” is situated about two under yards to the
west of Mound “A” Mound “C” is north-west to Mound
“B”. excavations at the top of Mound “A” revealed
the Muslim occupation. Below the Muslim period
settlement the excavation exposed the remains of the
period the remains of the period known as ‘Late
Harappan’ and below this the remains of ‘Mature
Harappan’ and at the virgin soil the remains of
‘Amri period’ were exposed.
BAKHAR FORT
Brief History:
Planted in mid stream between sukkur and Rohri, Is a
chain of islands, the largest of which is Bakhar
once a forti-fried strong hold and the and quarters
of a petty covered now with dismantled and forlrn
ruins, acroos which the railway runs between the two
sections of the lands down the bridge. It is a lime
stone rock eith hundred yards from east to west,
three hundred wide about twenty five feet high. The
walls of the fort which were double rose to a height
of thirty or thirty five feet and were strengthened
with numerous bastions. There were two gate ways,
one facing Rohri and the toher sukkur. It was at one
time occupied by British troops after which it was
converted into a jail. In thufat-ul-kiran it is
mentioned that this town did not exit in the time of
Hinhju Raj and that it got its name Bakhar (the
dawn) from syed Muhammad Maki of religious memory
who uttered this word on his entry in to the town
early in the morning some years after its
foundation. In the ain-i-akbari we are told Bakhar
is a good fort.
At the time of the arrival of the imperor Humayun,
Muhammad Khan built an other enveloping wall to the
fort increasing its circuit to 1875 years with four
gates opposite these in the inner wall and with 70
bastions. The fortifications were rebuilt and
restored for the last time by the governor Nawab
Ghulam Sadique Khan about 1780-90 in the region of
Taimur shah to whom Bakhar then belonged. Bakhar is
one of the few pretty sports on the Indus in its
course through sindh.
Under the Kalhora the district of Bakhar is
mentioned simply as a Taluka or perry sub-division.
The fort then passed into the hands of Mirs of
Khairpur from whom it was taken over by the Biritsh
Government under an agreement in 1842 A.D
BIRTH PLACE OF AKBER THE GREAT
Brief History:
Akber the great, the son of humeyun and his consort
hemida bano, who was destined tobecome the most
illustios monarch of his time was born at this place
on 23rd novembner, 1542 A.D. it was time
when humayun after being routed by Sher khan,
afghani governor of Bihar tock regure at this place
along with his wife and army. Rana parashad sodha
gave hism shelter in his fort. The un crowned king
celebrated this auspicious occation by simply
distributing “Mushk” among his faith ful companions
with these words. The fane of this new born baby
would one day spread all over the world like this
gragrance of this mushk. The can copy was built by
Syed mehar shah of khehjrari on 1858 A.D. at that
fact sport war where Akber the Great was born.
BUDHESER MOSQUE
Brief History
It is situated at budheser village near budheser
water tank. It is about 49.8 ft long and 42.7 broad.
It has small prayer chamber measuring and are 23.5 x
13.6 ft. the mosque has an open court yeard and has
eight marble stone pillars over which dome of the
mosque resting upon. It has four rounded cupolas on
the roof and other than these tow more gupolas are
together on the roof vfrom southern side. There are
tow torrests on thcdorner of the mosque situated at
the main façade.
Besides the mehrab, there is no any plat from for
delivering the surmon, there is no any evidence of
plat from where Imam could have delivering the
sermon on Friday prayer. Therefore the mosque in
question possesses unique architectural feature in
the region.
The mosque was built in 1505 A.D by mahmood bin
muzafar shah, the ruler of gujara. Near the mehrab,
there is Persian inscription inscribed on the white
marble, which is not now clear to read easily. There
is grave of martyrs out side the court yard of the
mosque. Who faught with sodhar rajput froim mahmood
bind muzafar shah begra of gujrat in 1505 A.D at the
site of Budhesar. the mosque was declared a
protected monument under antiquities act, 1968
CHARO (RED) BHIRO OR MOUND BHIRO
Brief History
It is located on the south of Sher wah village and
Shrine of Syed Muhammad Shah. The Bhiro village, is
very close on its east directions, the “Seem Nullah”
also lies on its south direction. It covers an area
about 5 acres. It is generally known by local people
as Gharo Bhiro, because the entire mound is covered
with red power of burnt bricks and brick bats. It is
also fortification, wall was built with burnt bricks
having bastions at equal intervals. The high mound
rises at the maximum highest about 10 feet from its
surrounding level. There is series of small mounds
but are separated from one another.
CHITORO GRAVE YARD
Brief History:
The chittori grave yard in district mirpurkhas is
also a protected area under the antiquities act,
1975. The tombs in this graveyard are classified as
monuments of category ‘C’ most of them are bult by
talpur ruilers who ruled in province sindh generally
and miorpurskhas in particularly. Among them mir
sher Muhammad makani talpur ‘SHER-I-STUR’ was famous
and brave is also buried here. He gfaught with
“Frangi” ion the batgtkle of “DUBA” in march 1843
A.D the art of caruyomg amd cartopgraphy on stone is
very charmjing and can be seen clralhy in large
scakle uin different tombs of chittori grave yard.
The department of archaeloghy has appointed two full
time chwokidar to look after these tiombs and also
carried out certain reoparis of those monuments
which were badly affected bnyu last heavy rain.
It may be mentioned here thjat on area of 26 crores
4 ghuntas in favour of faqir sher Muhammad was
deported vidce directofr of archaeology. Pakistan
marshal’s letter no. 39/59/72-arch: dated 27th
January 1977. In this area tow protected monuments
i.e tomb of aulia pir gchittori badahah qureshi and
other old ruined miosque were handed to faqir sher
Muhammad. Now only 12 acres of progtectged area
comprising the ancient monuments is in the
possession of the deparment. At present 13 tombs and
one mosqyue at chittori grave yard are looked after
by the department./ te detail of these is given as
under”
I.
Bricks tomb of arzi khokhar
II.
Tome of mir khan s/o karam khan talpur
III.
Tombn of mir jado
IV.
Tomb of mir muran khan
V.
Tomb ofmir musa khan
VI.
Tomb of mir rajo khan
VII.
Tomb if sgageed jaoru
VIII.
Tomb in the north west of no. vii
(name not known)
IX.
Stone tomb wast of no. ix above (name
not know)
X.
Stone tomb west of no ix
XI.
Tomb of mir fateh khan and mir mirza
khan
XII.
Tombn klniown as of females of mir;s
dynasty
XIII.
Old structures of a tom and moswue
XIV.
Tomb of auliar pri ghittori badshah
qureshi deprotected
XV.
Old ruined mosque
DHAMRAO DARO
BRIEF HISTORY:
It is a Buddhist site located about 6 KM from Badah
town and 15KM from Moenjodaro in District Larkana.
It consists on stupa and monasteries of Buddhist
period. Three group of mound spreading from west to
east and the middle one has stupa built on it. There
is another separate mound located at a little
distance and north of the three groups. The mound
actually covers a total area of about 70 acres and
about 30 foot high above the surrounding plan-level.
The imposing look of the mound with its height and
dimensions suggest that it must have been great
importance in its hey-days.
DASRAN JO BHIRO (MOUND OF DASRA)
Brief History
The mound is located on the wast of shadi pali
railway station and south of railway line ans shire
of qabnool shah in deh khuda bux. It is harappan
period site. It was fortified town flourished on the
banjk of river rani, once it was the branch of river
hakra, the remains of bed of thr river of reni are
visible on the west of the mound. It covers an area
about 7 acres, the high mound rises at the minimum
height about 15 ft from its surroundings level,. It
is locally called Dasran jo daro, because the town
was capital of Dasra Dynasty earlier, than Ray
Dynasty. It has been mentioned as “Bahror” by the
author of Chach Nama. The fortification wall was
built of burnt bricks hsving bastions st the
different intervals, the evideince of the
fortification wall are clearly visible.
GORI TEMPLE
Brief History
The gori temple is located in nagaraparker taluka
about 25 miles from nagarparklar town and about 4
miles from MArvi’s village bhalve (majir) perhaps it
was built by mengho, a jainee of pario nagar (14
miles frolm nagarparkar) in 1376 A.D actually the
followers of the jain religion were worshioping
paris nath parsopoo nath whjo was the disciple of
gru gorkh nath.
Paris nath was also familiar from goricho,
therefore, after is name the temple become famour as
gori temple.
The temple an belobng building measuring externally
from north to sourhyt 74 ft in length and from east
to west 49.6 ft in breathg, haeing a dwarf wall cour
yard measuring 49.2x48.6ft. entrance to the mandaopa
is obtained through a doomed piorch on the nortgh,
which is eight pillerec can opy and on pillar
supporiting to the cave or ghujja at four coprners
some pillars are of marble stone and some ore of
lime stone having palste red with lines. The
sridhara piollars having stall shafts square below
and circular above, clasped aorojund a interv als
with girdles of delicate carrying and surmounted by
an appropriate bracket capital. This can opy is
connected through roof slab with the portal.
Exterior slide of this can opy is embellished with
paintings. It is covered with dome. From can opy
there is a short passage supported with two dwarf
pillars.
In the temple, there is a room vihana, the mre
sacred chamber of whuch, the upper portion is
called shikara. At present the shikar is noit
surviving in fjull height, because the upper portion
was demolished bu the oprfer of gol.tarwat, the
commander of british goops djuring the battle faught
between the rana sodha of oparkea and british army.
The parapet wall of the temope ghas been vanished
only it surfives at the main façade and is
deco0rated with pklaterin gpanels like merlion. The
height of main façade wall up to cornice is 11 ft
from floor level. The construction of the tompe is
remarkable. The entire building was decorated with
fresco painting.
HAZRAT KATIB SADRUDDIN MUHAMMAD
Brief History
The saint Hazrat Khatib Sadruddin Muhammad was the
son of Amir shah Mir Muhammad Maki Mashihadi. Who
gave the name Bakhar to the town, which was before
called farshta, his tomb is now located near Deputy
Commissioner Office at sukkur. Hazrat Khatib
Sadruddin Rizvi was born in 727 A.H. its grave is
situated from northern side of lands down bride. No
any tomb or canopy is erected over is gave, but a
special chart shading the grave of the saind and the
wooden gates of the Darah show a delicate work of
wood carving.
JAIN TEMPLE AT VIRAWAH
Brief History
It is located at virawah village abotu14 miles away
from nagarparkar. It has lost its glory due to
passage of time. Most of the paintings and
sculptures have been defaced or taken awyay. Its
parts of the structure are a mere jumble of stone.
But it is qauire clear that this tem;ple was a
finished example of the building art, its ashler
mashonary is precise and ordely. The architectural
treatment of the parts are stull ib position to show
knowledge.
The temple consists of two riooms having a large
hall called man dapa and an other a small dark
chmber called vihana.
The mandaloa kf the temple erected on raised stone
plat fropm hgas conskiderble dimension in rect
singular 13.5 x 12.11. the hall has 12 plasters
supporign to the dome of the hall. The walls of the
hall or mandapa decorated with birds, animals and
flower plants and a man driving on a small two
wheeled carriage pulled by a horse, dancing coupe
amd m,uisicians etc.
The vihala or dark room which is most aacred
ploaced,. Where sculpture of the god might be placed
and its devolees worshiping it. The room measuring
6.11 x 5.11. its oputer upper portion is covered
with shaikhara ior tower which is crii from in
shape.
JAIN TEMPLES AT BUDHESAR
Brief History
There are three jain temples located at budheser
village and near budhesar mosque. The construction
work of the forst temple which is nearer to the
mowue thatn others is remarkable, both the dressed
stone and fine carved stone have been used in its
construction. This temple has one sacctuary wuit a
tall sikhara and accessible by a flight of 15 steps.
Its raised plat from if abouit 10.4 ft high from the
ground. The vihana room measures internally square
in plan 7.10 side with a solid bench. The height of
the room inside is 13.1 and covered with 29.3 tall
sikhara.
The second temple lies on the foot of the karunjhar
hill and on the south of the first temple. The
temple building built iver a raised stone plat form
with stone apron. The madapa hall is graced with 20
number pilklars and dovered with dome and along with
tlnmall rounded cupolas. This colouned hall has a
series of ce4lls facing all in wards. The roof of
this temple gives a picturesque look due to rounded
cupolas.
The third templke lies oin the eastern side of the
second temple. It hss a small single room with an
open verandah. The roof the verandah might have beel
collapsed. The temple building has fenced with one
big dome at the centre and two sided small domes
fiorming the roof.
JAMIA MASJID KHUDABAD
Brief History
Jamia Masjid Khudabad situated in the beast corner
of Kalhora village. Khudaabad in District Dadu was
the capital of Kalhora rulers. The city was
established by Khuda Yar Khan Kalhoro. Kalhora were
the religious minded and thy desired to construct
beautiful buildings, mosuques and etc. it is a very
big mosque of that period. About 5000 peoples can
offer their worship at a time. The mosque occupied
36 Ghunta of Land. The various colour painting work
and Kashi style bricks are used in front and
interior side of the mosque to make it beautiful and
attractive. During the pruiodd of Mian Ghulam Shah
Kalhora, the capital was changed to the presend city
of Hyderqabad. After changing the capital, the
importance of this mosque (House of Allah slowly
reduced but every passer by get good feelings from
it construction.)
JHUKAR MIUND
Brief History
it lies about 10 K.M north west of Larkana and just
close to village Mitho Dero. The mounds at Jhukar
have a great Archaeological and historical
importance. They have yielded remains from the
period of Moen-jo-Daro down to the 6th
Centuary A.D these mounds however, are not so
extensive as monejodaro. The ckity barried under
these mounds appear to be of much loss importance in
the pre-historic times than the moenjodaro was.
The site was visited early in 1928 by Mr:
N.G.Majundar who commenced a tentative investigation
ofr the two monds situated here. These preliminary
investigation yielded pottery and other objects
belonging to servarl cultures. In the lower levels
remains characteristics of the Harappa period were
found but above them the other building together
with a new kind of pottery which Majumdar termed as
late Jhukar. Still higher up the mound, evidence of
third culture the indo-assanians first came to
light. From the third trench Majumdaar was able to
excavated a hoard of 250 coins some of which belong
to Kushan king vasudeva and his succesors while the
other bolong to bearing cupta characters of the 5th
centuary A.D. and a unique seal with Pahlavi.
JHUKAR MOUND
Brief History
It lies about 10 K.M North West of Larkana and just
close to village Mitho Dero. The mounds at Jhukar
have a great Archaeological and historical
importance. They have yielded remains from the
period of Moen-jo-Daro down to the 6th
Centaury A.D these mounds however, are not so
extensive as monejodaro. The city barried under
these mounds appear to be of much loss importance in
the pre-historic times than the moenjodaro was.
The site was visited early in 1928 by Mr:
N.G.Majundar who commenced a tentative investigation
for the two monds situated here. These preliminary
investigation yielded pottery and other objects
belonging to servarl cultures. In the lower levels
remains characteristics of the Harappa period were
found but above them the other building together
with a new kind of pottery which Majumdar termed as
late Jhukar. Still higher up the mound, evidence of
third culture the indo-assanians first came to
light. From the third trench Majumdaar was able to
excavated a hoard of 250 coins some of which belong
to Kushan king vasudeva and his successors while the
other belong to bearing cupta characters of the 5th
centaury A.D. and a unique seal with Pahlavi.
KAHUJ O DARO / MIAN BUDHIST STUPA
Brief History
The khuhadaro mound is an important historical and
archaeological Budhist site dating background about
2500 years old. It is located about one kile moeter
away from north of the present city iof mirpurkhas
and just close to mirpurkhas nawab shah railway
line,. The site can be divided into two parts one is
called “kahujodaro” it self and other part is known
is ’budhist saupa’
The site was first excavated in 1909 A.D by henry
consins, superintendent of archaeology department ,
who has mentioned its detailed report, in his book
‘Antiquites of sindh’ . during excavation, a
budhist. The other material recovered during
excavation is now diaplayed in Bombay museum in
India.
Keeping in view of tits importanct the department of
archaeology has declared it as protected site under
antiquites act, 1975./ according the said act, any
un-authorised digging, encroachment or other such
sort of activity is prohibited within protected
area..
KOT DIJI FORT AND KOT DIJI REMAINS
Brief History
Kot Diji fort, once a strong hold of a member of
Talpur ruling ramilies, spreading over an area of
about 3 KM is situated 15 miles south of khair pur
town and north of kot diji village, on the national
high way.
It is 5 shaped and lies prominent on a range of low
lime stone hills proceeding in a direction from
south east to north west and reaching the Indus at
rohri. It was built by Mir sohrab khan talpur
several hundred year back and still retains it
grandeur. The entire fort has been built of burnt
bricks where as at intervals rohri stone has been
used some cannons of those days have boon removed
and placed at importance buildings and main thorough
fares of khairpur.
The kot diji fort consists of a number of
fortification crowning several eminences and
connected by a single mud wall pierced with loop
holes. Here in January 1843 the British army was
encamped during the advance of sir Charles Napier to
destroy the fort of imamgarh located on the border
if sindh and jaisalmir in the desert area.
Under the shadow of medieval diji for there is
pre-historic site of kot diji about 5000 year old
which was first excavated in 1955-57 by Dr: F.A khan
former, director Department of archaeology and
museums. A wall built with soil and stones had also
been found around it, which at one time was so wide
that a bullock-cart could easily pass over it.
Lohim Jo Daro
Brief History:
It is located about 350 meters in the north of Piaro
Goth station in Dadu district on the bank of old
river, it was excavated by Majamdar and he revealed
its two periods, one was related with Harappan
period and later was related with post Harappan or
Jhankhar period. Lambricks views are that after the
destruction of moenjodaro. The inhabitants migrated
and settled at Jhikkar, Lohum jo daro and chanho jo
Daro.
Many objects during excavation have been found for
example pottery. Toys bangles, stone beads and seals
etc. these objects also resemble with the objects of
moenjodaro.
MIR MASUM’S MINAR AND TOMB
Brief History
Mir Masum Shah Bukhari was the Nawab of Bakhar
region during Akber the Great reime. He created many
monuments in Bakhar and Sukkur, among them Mir
Masum’s Minar is famous one. It is located in the
centre of the Sukkur city. It’s construction work
was commenced in 1593 A.D, but completed after 14
years by Masum’s son. The minar its self is about
100 feet high from eastern side. The minar is made
of un-glazed red bricks alternating with light blue
filling in the joints, providing a conspicuous note
of colour. The inner side of the small dome on the
top of the minar is decorated with glazed tilws
which from floral-cum-geometrical designs.
While the tomb located near the minar is made of
un-glazed red bricks alternatking with light blue
filling in the joints. The walls are decorated with
glazed tiles making floral cum-geometrical designs.
The vesco work on dime is well done. There is stair
case leading up to the gallery already made in the
inner side of the tomb. The outer face of the dome
is also with glazed tiles making floral
cum-geometrical designs. The vesco work on dime is
well done. There is stair case leading up to the
gallery already made in the inner side of the tomb.
The outer face of the dome is also decorated with
the glazed tiles. The monument in a question was
also built by Mir Masum Bakhri, whose grave is just
near the tomb. The tomb is locally known as ‘Fiaz
Majal’ which was used by its builder for
meeting/sitting purpose, because there is no any
grave made inside the tomb.
MIRAN-JO-TOWER OR DHAMRAHO SQUARE TOPWER
Brief History:
The tower known as a miran jo tower by local people
is situated from north-east and at the distance of
about 15 K.M from taluka and district Head quarter,
Larkana and about 2 K.M from the village Dhamraho.
Actually there was no any use to construct such type
of towers during the Mir’s period to Jhukar mound
and other Buddhist sites spreaded in districts
Jacobabad and Sibi Baluchistan. It is concluded that
the square tower might be the tower of Ashoka the
great period and was used as watch tower in kalhoras
period. Shah Baharo was the governor of Larkana
region. In that time Borhi of Balouchistan made so
many attacks in the leader ship of Abdullah Khan
Brohi to Larkana through the same route. In that
attack Rato Jalbani, the founder of Ratodero was
killed but shah Baharo the governor defended Larkana
in good way and saved his jurisdiction at all.
MIRAN-JO-TOWER OR DHAMRAHO SQUARE TOPWER
Brief History:
The tower known as a miran jo tower by local people
is situated from north-east and at the distance of
about 15 K.M from taluka and district Head quarter,
Larkana and about 2 K.M from the village Dhamraho.
Actually there was no any use to construct such type
ot towers during the Mir’s period to KJhukar mound
and other Buddist sites spreded in districts
Jacobabd and Sibi Baluchistan. It is concluded that
the square tower might be the tower of Ashoka the
great period and was used as wath tower inh kalhoras
period. Shah Baharo was the governor of Larkana
region. In that time Borhi of Balouchistan made so
many attachs in the leader ship of Abdullah Khan
Borhi to Larkana through the same route. In that
attack Rato Jalbani, the founder of Ratodero was
killed but shah Baharo the governor defended Larkana
in good way and saved his jurisdiction at all.
MUMAL-JI-MARI
Brief History
Mumal-ji-mari is situated from south-east of village
MAthelo and about 10 K.M from taluka Ghotki District
Sukkur (now a days District Ghotki). It covers an
area of about 2 acres and 25 feet high from the
adjacent plain level. The out look of the mound with
its height suggests a visitor that the place must
have been of much significance in its olden days.
The remains of the fortification wall with its
bastions are visible. The sun dried bricks are used
in its construction.
The mound is known by the local people as
Mumal-ki-Mari, mumal is well known in sindh for
being the heroine of the legendary love tale
arrtibuted to her, the hero of the story was Rano
Mendharo sodho of umerkot. But according to mirza
caleech baig the writer of “nadeem Sindh, Unn Ja
Mashehoor Shah rain Mnhum” that Mumal ji mari was
actually a fort, which was built by Aamir a Hindu
Rajput about 1400 years ago.
NAOKOT FORT
Brief History
Naokot fort, once a fortified astron ghold of talpur
government is sityuated about three miles sorth wst
of naokot town and some sixty ifve miles to the
south of mirpurkhas. It lies obn the edge of the
desert of that.
It was built byu mir karam ali khan talpur in 1814
A.D the fort is about 640 feet in length and 600
feet in bgreadth. The expenditure incurred onj its
construction is estimated abot u 8 lakh rupee ios
that time. There is one main gate facing to the
routre of the desert. The entire fort has beenbuilt
of burnt bricks (measuring 12 x 6 x 32 inches of
each brick) where as mortear has also been used
entensively
In the inner side of the fortifaction wall ther are
some rooms apparently representing barrack like long
rooms whee stron iron hooks are fixed in the foof of
the rooms and it is imagined that these rooms were
used for rigorouis imprisonment ot the pris oneers
during the regin of talpur.
There are some remains of building structures inside
the fort perhaps used for residential purpose for
talpur’s deputy and army officers.
NARO WARO DARO
Brief History
It is situated about 19 KM south-west of khairpur
Mirs. It is a series of sand hills measuring 2500 x
1500 ft, which rises about 25 ft above the
surrounding level. Its surface is littered with pot
sherds and other minor objects of typical Harappan
culture. The department of archaeology under took
excavation here in 1955.
During excavation it was observed that there was no
evidence of any structures, the inhabitants seem to
have lived in thatched huts. The investigations
showed that the mound represented a temporary
occupation of the Harappan people who appear to
have taken refuge on this high found from a
neighbouring settlement due to some calamity,
probably floods. The object found from the site
during excavation included human skeleton, pot,
sherds, stone objects and large storages jars etc.
RANI KOT PORT
Brief History
Rani kot fort is about seventy five miles north west
of Hyderabad on barren ronge of bills a sigentic
fortification wall runs up down the contourse of the
country. The wall which is about 22 miles in length
encircles hillocks which appear to have been
inhabited by any regular population. This wall and
the barren hills inside make the Rani Kot Fort. The
fort lies about 18 miles west of the Railway station
san on the kotri-Larkana line of the pakistatin
railway. A very sandy and rough track connects it
with Indus highway near the sann railway station.
The fort was planned and construicted under the
supervision of Nawab Wali Muhammad Khan leghari,
prime minister of sind in about 1812 A.D.at cost of
2,00,000/- rupees. It was named after a torrent
(Rani Nai) which was the main source of supplying
water to the whole area. The Mirs are said to have
constructed a dam over it it store the water for use
throughtout the year.
The fortification wall runs on the three sides of
the area, while on the northern side to lofty peaks
of the higher hillocks serve as a wall. There are
not many building activity remained restored onlyu
to two sports located in the northern area. There is
a small fortress is known as Miri meaning of Mirs it
appears to the meant as royal residence for the
ruling family of the Mirs.
All the structures existing are rani kot are quite
simple in make and material. The entire for and
builduing within are made in some stuff and
technique.
SATHYAN JO THAN, ROHRI
Brief History
The most importance monument of Rohri lies on one of
the little hills that rise out the river back on
south there is unlevel platform on which are
stone-graves like those of the makli hills at
Tharra, with penals of Arabic quoted from the holy
Quran. The flight of steps leads up to the plats
from the nouthern side.
Damelled tile work is freely in these tombs, most of
which are dated in between 1609 and 1883 A.D. the
principal graveithat of Mir Qasim, one of the
sabzwari sued. This is generally known at the hill
of seven virgins from the building on the southern
side called sathyan jo than consists of a row of 2
shallow rooms connected by a long massage out of the
rock and ornamented externally with coloured tiles.
Those cells are said have been occupied by seven
virgins, who had taken a row never to look up on the
face of man, but some historical are of the opinion
that this derivation is not correct and they said
that the graveyard of Muslims colliders who were
killed in the battle of Muhammad Bin Qasim and Raja
Dahar.
SEHWAN FORT OR KAFIR QILA
Brief History
On the north of sehwan town are the remains of the
great fort or the kafir qIla as it is generally
called by the people, there by indicating that its
origin had no connection with the muslims. It is
indeed said to date back to Alexandar the great, and
to have been erected by him but nothing of the
original walling, or of any subsequent fort, is now
discernible upon the surface nothing greek has been
found here except occasional coins. In older days it
always remained the place of living of rulers, who
ruled over in that area since many years. In the
last time the nawab of akber the great also used it
for living purpose. Its repair work under took at
many times by the rulers of non-Muslims and as well
as Muslims.
Shah Baharo
Brief History:
The shah baharo tomb was constructed by the late
ruler of Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon the grave of
great Kalhora soldier and commander of army of that
period, during his period main Ghar canal was
excavated for cultivation or the land with the
result that the area become fortiled and many
garuends were planced around the Larkana city, the
tomb was built as an Islamic type. It is the
magnificent or dexterity of the Kalhora period. The
provisions of the lantern system on the top of the
dome for the artificial light is attractive for the
experts of Masonry work. At the front of the tomb
the kasha style bricks were fixed to make it
attractive and there are variegation of colours
painted in interior of all around the tomb.
SHAH BAHARO TOMB
Brief History:
Bried History: The shah baharo tomb was constructed
by the late rular of Mian Ghulam Shah Kalhoro upon
the grave of great Kalhora soldier and commander of
army of that period, during his period main Ghar
canal was excavated for cultivation or the land with
the result that the area become fortiled and many
garuends were planced around the Larkana city, the
tomb was built as an Islamic type. It is the
magnificent or dexterity of the Kalhora period. The
provisions of the lantern system on the top of the
dome for the artificial light is attractive for the
experts of masonery work. At the front of the tomb
the kasha style brickswere fixed to make it
attractive and there are variegation of colours
painted in interior of all around the tomb.
TAJAR BUILDING
Brief History:
Nawab wali Muhammad Khan Leghari was the governor of
chandka region during the region of Mir Ghulam Ali
and Mir Karam Ali Talpur Larkana town was the had
quarter of chandka region.
When nawab wali Muhammad khan leghari was died in
Larkana town, his corpse was buried as an entrust,
because of the important personality of nawab sahib,
simple building was introduced to public as Takar
building after some time the dead body of nawab
sahib was shifted at Hyderabad, and was buried in
Mir’s grave yard. Now the question arises what is
meant by Tajar, a roof of building was constructed
as a technique of bow or arch. There fore the
building remained closed till the occupation of the
sind by Britishers. In British period, it was
converted into public library and then established
an office of local board and after that it was used
as a restaurant. The building is constructed with
thick walls and with well ventilators. The building
is provided two verandahs, one is in north side and
other is in the south. It has four doors and many
windows. Due to its importance, the department of
Archaeology has declared it as protected monument
under the Antiquities Act, 1975.
TOMB OF MIAN YAR MUHAMMAD KALHORO AND ITS ADJOINING
MASJID
Brief history
The tome of Mian yar Muhammad kalhoro,. The brother
of mian din Muhammad kalhoro was built by mian
ghulam shah kalhoro late ruler of sind. The tim is
buiolt upon the grave of mian yar Muhammad kalhro
for the memory of his name.
Situated in the west corner of present town
khudabad. In the construction it is wounderful
veneration of colours and kasha style bricks.
The kasha styles bricks were used in the front of
tomb and some bricjks and painting of colours were
painted in the interior portion of the tom to make
it wonderful and attractive. It is a same natur4e of
kalhora rulers like wise Mughals to construct the
wonderfyul building, Mosque and tombs in the memory
of their late rulers.
The adjoining Mansjid to the tomb was also built by
Mian Yar Muhammad Kalhora (Khuda Yar Khan). But
according to Mirza Qaleech Baig Writer of Book
“Qadeem Sindh, Unuja Mashehoor shahar an manhum”
that the tomb or Mian yar Muhammad kalhoro and its
adjoining Masjid were built by khuda yar khan
himself, when he was alive.
UMERKOT FORT
Brief History:
Umerkot the fort of umer as its measn, was founded
by umber, the king of the soomra dynasty (1051 A.D
to 1439 A.D). the town has a conspicuous fort which
was perhaps built by one of sumra rulers in the last
half of the 13thj Centuary.
Each side of the fort is about 500 feet long and 40
feet high with mud plaster. Its walls are no wuide
that at one time tow horse-riders can pass easily
over it. Is is connected with four bastions each
corner and has to at one sastions at the main gate.
There stones wee brought from jodhpur state.
The for was occupied by Rajput Sodha ruler named
Hameer sodha in 1439 A.D whose successors have held
it for centjuries. Rana parshad sodha, one of the
same dynasty , played host to hymayuin and his army
who were on the way to Persia.
From the rajout sodha mian nor Muhammad kalhora took
possession of the fort, mian abdul nabi kalhora one
of the rulers of kalhora dynasty, later sold it to
the raja of jodhpur. When talpur came into power
they recovered it from the raja of jodhpur state in
1813 A.D. it remained in the possession of talpur
rulers till the british arymy occupied sind in 1843
A.D.
Due its historical importance , the fort in question
has been decleared as a protected monument in 1917
A.D and is now preserved by the department of
archneology.
The material/data/information can be provided on
request.
